Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul

Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul: A Historic Landmark

The Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, located on the east side of Logan Square in Philadelphia, is the principal church of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. It is here that the bishop, as the local ordinary, has his throne, known as the cathedra. Opened in 1864, this grand structure is not only the largest Catholic church in Pennsylvania but also the largest brownstone building in Philadelphia. The history of the Cathedral is deeply intertwined with the growth and development of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia.

The Catholic Church in Mid-19th Century Philadelphia

The design and construction of the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul were influenced by the political climate of mid-19th century Philadelphia, which was marked by significant anti-Catholic sentiment. The increased influx of Irish Catholic immigrants in the early 1800s, coupled with an economic downturn, led to growing prejudice against them. Anti-Catholic publications and violent riots, such as the 1844 Philadelphia Nativist Riots, were part of the social unrest during this period. This environment contributed to the Cathedral’s design, which was intended to reflect both the Catholic faith and the need for security amidst rising hostility.

Building the Cathedral: A Vision Amidst Conflict

The idea for building the Cathedral came from Bishop Francis Kenrick, who wanted a great cathedral to serve the city’s growing Catholic population. The construction was influenced by the anti-Catholic sentiment of the time, leading to design decisions that reflected the need for protection, such as the high placement of windows. In 1845, the site for the Cathedral was purchased for $37,200, and the cornerstone was laid in 1846. Napoleon LeBrun, a local architect, was hired to design the Cathedral, with the guidance of two Vincentian priests. The design was modeled after the Lombard Church of Saint Charles in Rome, following a Neo-Classical style.

Architectural Challenges and Changes

The construction process faced numerous challenges, including financial difficulties, leadership changes, and the outbreak of the Civil War. LeBrun left the project in 1851, and the renowned architect John Notman took over. However, Notman also left in 1857, and a series of architects, including John Mahoney and later LeBrun, continued work on the Cathedral. The leadership of the Philadelphia diocese also changed several times, with Bishop Kenrick being replaced by Bishop John Neumann and later Bishop James Wood. Despite these challenges, the Cathedral was completed and consecrated in 1864, although it was not formally consecrated until 1890.

Design Features of the Cathedral

The Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul is designed in the Neo-Classical style, reflecting architectural influences from the Italian Renaissance. The building features barrel arches, Corinthian columns, and triangular pediments. Its striking exterior is made of Connecticut and New Jersey brownstone, with a large copper dome that has developed a green patina over time. The interior of the Cathedral is equally magnificent, with intricate gilded surfaces, marble, and walnut finishes. The artwork in the Cathedral, including the frescoes, is primarily the work of Constantino Brumidi, who also painted the U.S. Capitol.

Renovations and Preservation

The Cathedral underwent several significant renovations to maintain its beauty and functionality. The first major renovation occurred in 1914 under Archbishop Edmond F. Prendergast, which included the addition of new confessionals and a renovation of the crypt. Another major renovation took place between 1956 and 1957, led by John Cardinal O’Hara. During this period, the Cathedral’s apse was expanded to accommodate a larger altar and windows were added to the ground level, creating a more open and welcoming space.